Tomita M, Fukuuchi Y, Tanahashi N, Kobari M, Takeda H, Yokoyama M, Ito D, Terakawa S
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
Keio J Med. 1996 Sep;45(3):213-24. doi: 10.2302/kjm.45.213.
The detailed assembly used by us for video-enhanced contrast-differential interference contrast (VEC-DIC) microscopy (video microscopy is first described. Employing such video microscopy, we then examined the morphological changes occurring during locomotion and activation processes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and microglia at an almost electron microscopic magnification. Upon contacting the substratum, PMNL transformed into a polarized ameboid shape and crawled extending pseudopodia, as has been well documented previously. The PMNL sometimes displayed a peculiar locomotion as if they were stepping on "tiny legs", or sliding on a treadmill of cell membrane. Cultured microglia were observed to exist in 4 forms; ramified, reactive, villous, and ameboid. Microglia in the reactive form pivoted, circled and crawled on the astroglial cell layer using their transparent lamellipodia with no morphological changes in their cell body. Unlike PMNL, reactive microglia exhibited no agitated movements of their intracellular organelles, including granules and cytosol, during locomotion. Lamellipodia on the undersurface of the cell body touching the cell layer adhesively, appeared to serve as the locomotive apparatus. When activated, both floating PMNL and microglia of villous form assumed an ameboid shape within a few seconds. Microglia occasionally swam in the medium waving their lamellipodia towards a target object (e.g. zymosan A particles), remodelling to an amorphous ameboid form and covering up the target. We attempt to discuss such swift morphological changes from the standpoint of thermodynamic potential of Gibbs free energy which is stored within the cells.
我们用于视频增强对比度-微分干涉对比（VEC-DIC）显微镜检查的详细装置（视频显微镜首次被描述）。利用这种视频显微镜，我们随后以几乎电子显微镜的放大倍数检查了多形核白细胞（PMNL）和小胶质细胞在运动和激活过程中发生的形态变化。接触基质后，PMNL转变为极化的阿米巴样形状，并伸出伪足爬行，这在以前已有充分记录。PMNL有时会表现出一种奇特的运动方式，就好像它们在用“小脚”行走，或者在细胞膜的跑步机上滑动。培养的小胶质细胞观察到有4种形式；分支状、反应性、绒毛状和阿米巴样。反应性形式的小胶质细胞利用其透明的片状伪足在星形胶质细胞层上旋转、环绕和爬行，其细胞体没有形态变化。与PMNL不同，反应性小胶质细胞在运动过程中其细胞内细胞器，包括颗粒和细胞质，没有表现出搅动运动。细胞体下表面与细胞层粘附接触的片状伪足似乎起到了运动装置的作用。当被激活时，漂浮的PMNL和绒毛状形式的小胶质细胞在几秒钟内都会呈现出阿米巴样形状。小胶质细胞偶尔会在培养基中游动，向目标物体（如酵母聚糖A颗粒）挥舞其片状伪足，重塑为无定形的阿米巴样形式并覆盖目标。我们试图从细胞内储存的吉布斯自由能的热力学势的角度来讨论这种迅速的形态变化。
