Asymmetrical distribution of G proteins in syncytiotrophoblastic brush-border and basal-plasma membranes of human term placenta.

In human placental syncytiotrophoblast brush-border (BBM, facing the mother) and basal-plasma membranes (BPM, facing to fetus) we have recently demonstrated the presence of calcaemic hormone-specific receptors for parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, which could be implicated in calcium transport from the mother to the fetus. It is well recognized that signal transducing G proteins (guanosinc nucleotide-binding proteins) can associate with various transmembrane receptors and effector proteins, and regulate a variety of second-messenger systems and ion channels. In this present paper, we investigated the presence of a variety of alpha and beta subunits of G proteins in both syncytiotrophoblast, BBM and BPM by Western blot technique. For the first time, we were able to demonstrate the presence of G proteins in the bipolar syncytiotrophoblast membranes, which were evaluated by immunoblotting using affinity purified antiserum raised against the alpha subunits of Gi1, Gi1/i2, Gi3, G0, Gq, Gs, G7 and against the beta subunits. In BBM, we identified the alpha subunits of Gi1, Gi3, G0, Gq, Gs (42, 46 kDa), Gz and beta subunits. The same alpha subunits of G proteins were found in BPM, although alpha subunits of Gi1, Gq, Gs (46 kDa) were located predominantly in the BBM, and the alpha subunit of G0 was found preferentially in BPM. Moreover, in BBM and BPM, a purified antisera raised against the alpha subunits of Gi1 and Gs, detected a 105 kDa protein and a 67 kDa protein, respectively. Interestingly, the 67 kDa protein was preferentially located in BBM, and none of these proteins were detectable in membranes prepared from brain (control). The asymmetrical distribution of the alpha subunits of G proteins among the two different placental bipolar membranes might reflect the very specialized function of these syncytiotrophoblast membranes in ions and nutrients transport from the mother to the fetus.