Langermann S
Mucosal Immunity and Vaccines, MedImmune Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Semin Gastrointest Dis. 1996 Jan;7(1):12-8.
An ideal vaccine ought to produce long-term protective immune responses against a pathogen. These responses include humoral antibodies, which neutralize invasive microorganisms, and cytotoxic T cells, which destroy intracellular pathogens. Both types of responses can be induced by parenteral immunization, which is how most vaccines have been administered to date. Given that most bacteria and viruses initiate infections at mucosal surfaces where secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies are thought to play an important role in prevention of microbial attachment and colonization, there may be an added advantage for vaccines that stimulate long-lasting secretory immunity against pathogens as well. A prerequisite for the generation of sIgA antibodies is that antigens be delivered at mucosal sites. This review focuses on novel mucosal vaccination strategies aimed at inducing such secretory immunity to pathogens, while at the same time, stimulating humoral and, in some cases, cellular immunity.
理想的疫苗应能对病原体产生长期的保护性免疫反应。这些反应包括中和侵入性微生物的体液抗体，以及破坏细胞内病原体的细胞毒性T细胞。这两种反应都可通过非肠道免疫诱导产生，而这也是迄今为止大多数疫苗的接种方式。鉴于大多数细菌和病毒在黏膜表面引发感染，人们认为分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）抗体在预防微生物附着和定植方面发挥着重要作用，因此，能够刺激针对病原体产生持久分泌型免疫的疫苗可能具有额外优势。产生sIgA抗体的一个先决条件是抗原要递送至黏膜部位。本综述聚焦于旨在诱导针对病原体的此类分泌型免疫，同时刺激体液免疫以及在某些情况下刺激细胞免疫的新型黏膜疫苗接种策略。
