Amano M, Yamada K, Matsuno K, Nabeshima T
Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1996 Jun;16(3):73-84.
There is evidence for the existence of two classes of sigma binding sites, termed "site 1" and "site 2", that are distinct from opioid and PCP receptors. Sigma receptor ligands may be useful in the treatment of schizophrenia, since they improve not only positive but also negative symptoms with little extrapyramidal side effects in animal models. In addition, recent experiments have demonstrated that sigma receptor ligands attenuate the motor suppression and colonic motor disturbances seen under mentally stressful situations, stimulate the central cholinergic function thereby ameliorating impairment of learning and memory, and protect cerebral neurons against cerebral ischemic insult. The present review describes the neuropharmacological effects of sigma receptor ligands, especially anxiolytic (anti-stress) effects, ameliorating effects on impairment of learning and memory, and neuroprotective effects.
有证据表明存在两类σ结合位点，称为“位点1”和“位点2”，它们与阿片类和苯环己哌啶（PCP）受体不同。σ受体配体可能对精神分裂症的治疗有用，因为在动物模型中，它们不仅能改善阳性症状，还能改善阴性症状，且几乎没有锥体外系副作用。此外，最近的实验表明，σ受体配体可减轻在精神应激情况下出现的运动抑制和结肠运动障碍，刺激中枢胆碱能功能，从而改善学习和记忆障碍，并保护脑神经元免受脑缺血损伤。本综述描述了σ受体配体的神经药理学作用，特别是抗焦虑（抗应激）作用、对学习和记忆障碍的改善作用以及神经保护作用。
