Wilhelm B, Meinhardt A, Seitz J
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1996 Sep 20;684(1-2):163-77. doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00562-5.
Transglutaminases (TGases) are a widely distributed family of proteins found in many tissues and body fluids of vertebrates. To date the following types have been distinguished: secretory, tissue, epidermal, keratinocyte, and hemocyte TGase as well as factor XIIIa and erythrocyte hand 4.2 TGases are difficult to isolate, as they tend to form irreversible aggregates under native conditions. In this review, the isolation procedures for the different types of TGases are summarized. The most common chromatographic separation methods used for TGase purification are size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. Additionally, other chromatographic methods (hydrophobic-interaction, affinity, adsorption chromatography) and electrophoretic techniques [preparative isoelectric focusing, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and zone electrophoresis] are described. Based on the enzymatic function of TGases (cross-linking of a primary amine and peptide bound glutamine), several established activity assays are described.
转谷氨酰胺酶（TGases）是一类广泛分布的蛋白质家族，存在于脊椎动物的许多组织和体液中。迄今为止，已区分出以下几种类型：分泌型、组织型、表皮型、角质形成细胞型和血细胞型转谷氨酰胺酶，以及因子ⅩⅢa和红细胞相关的4.2转谷氨酰胺酶。转谷氨酰胺酶难以分离，因为它们在天然条件下容易形成不可逆的聚集体。在这篇综述中，总结了不同类型转谷氨酰胺酶的分离方法。用于转谷氨酰胺酶纯化的最常见色谱分离方法是尺寸排阻色谱和离子交换色谱。此外，还描述了其他色谱方法（疏水相互作用色谱、亲和色谱、吸附色谱）和电泳技术[制备性等电聚焦、十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和区带电泳]。基于转谷氨酰胺酶的酶促功能（伯胺与肽结合的谷氨酰胺的交联），描述了几种已确立的活性测定方法。
