The distinction of malingering and mental illness in black forensic cases.

The ability of twenty items to separate malingering from mental illness is tested. The items were obtained from the literature and clinical experience. The study used an experimental, cross-sectional design which compared fifty malingering African patients and a control group of fifty African State Presidents' Detainees. The chi-square test and the Fisher's exact test were used to assess statistical significance. The effectiveness of these items was assessed by calculating their sensitivity, specificity, false positives and negatives and positive and negative predictive values. Seventeen items showed statistical significance. Eleven items had high positive predictive values mostly above 90% with four items scoring 100%. These diagnosed malingering effectively. Another six items had high negative predictive values mainly above 90%. These diagnosed mental illness directly and excluded malingering effectively. The study proved that seventeen items can scientifically and effectively separate mental illness from malingering.