Cassano A, Grattagliano I
Section of Criminology and Forensic Psychopathology University of Bari.
Deptarment of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication University of Bari Italy.
Clin Ter. 2019 Mar-Apr;170(2):e134-e141. doi: 10.7417/CT.2019.2123.
The simulation of mental illness, so-called "Malingering", is a very difficult phenomenon for professionals to identify when making an assessment, especially in the medicolegal and forensic psychology and psychiatry fields. When malingering, the subject implements strategies that mimic the symptoms related to a possible psychiatric disease, with the aim of misleading the operator. It is necessary, therefore, to elicit a complete medical history and make a close clinical examination and, especially, to be able to rely on appropriate diagnostic tools. Another important aspect, in the legal medicine, and forensic psychology and psychiatry fields, is the opposite strategy, namely that of dissimulating, or masking, a disease. Several diagnostic tools that the professional clinician can employ to identify dissembling strategies are considered in this article, namely the MMPI- 2, PAI, M- Fast, the SIRS and, finally, the SIMS.
对精神疾病的伪装，即所谓的“诈病”，对于专业人员在进行评估时来说是一种很难识别的现象，尤其是在法医学以及法医心理学和精神病学领域。在诈病时，个体采用模仿与可能的精神疾病相关症状的策略，目的是误导检查人员。因此，有必要获取完整的病史并进行仔细的临床检查，特别是要能够依靠适当的诊断工具。在法医学、法医心理学和精神病学领域，另一个重要方面是相反的策略，即掩饰或隐瞒疾病。本文将探讨专业临床医生可用于识别伪装策略的几种诊断工具，即明尼苏达多项人格测验第二版（MMPI - 2）、人格评估问卷（PAI）、快速精神状态检查量表（M - Fast）、结构化访谈报告量表（SIRS），以及最后介绍的症状甄别量表（SIMS）。
