Ringwalt C L, Graham L A, Paschall M J, Flewelling R L, Browne D C
Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA. CLR@RTIORG
Am J Prev Med. 1996 Sep-Oct;12(5 Suppl):31-8.
Supporting Adolescents with Guidance and Employment (SAGE) is a multifaceted, community-based violence-prevention program. Its target is African-American male adolescents in Durham, North Carolina. Public health professionals, county government officials, and local businessmen collaborated in its development and implementation. The program is based on the paradigm of risk and protective factors, in which various risk factors for youth violence are buffered by modifiable, protective psychosocial processes. SAGE includes an eight-month African-American Rites of Passage program (adult mentoring, African-American culture and history lessons, and manhood and conflict-resolution training), a six-week summer employment component, and a 12-week entrepreneurial experience. Of the 260 youth recruited, 88 were randomly assigned to receive all three program components, 85 were assigned to the summer employment and entrepreneurial components only, and 87 were assigned to a delayed program or control condition. We compared these three groups' psychosocial and behavioral outcomes using survey data and archival records. Program implementation data include attendance records; mentor-youth activity logs pre- and postprogram focus group discussions; and telephone interviews with parents, program staff, and participants. The mean age of the adolescents recruited into the program was 14. Half reported receiving free lunches at school; half were not living with a father; and one quarter reported that their mothers had not completed high school. During the previous year, many had engaged in various violence-related behaviors, including fighting (49%) and carrying a gun (22%). Youths in each program condition were similar with respect to key demographic and behavioral characteristics. The key components of the SAGE program represent increasingly popular but untested approaches. Preliminary results reveal that these youths are involved in violent behavior both as perpetrators and as victims.
支持青少年获得指导与就业（SAGE）是一项多方面的、基于社区的预防暴力项目。其目标群体是北卡罗来纳州达勒姆的非裔美国男性青少年。公共卫生专业人员、县政府官员和当地商人共同参与了该项目的开发与实施。该项目基于风险和保护因素的范式，其中青少年暴力的各种风险因素通过可改变的保护性心理社会过程得到缓冲。SAGE包括一个为期八个月的非裔美国人成长仪式项目（成人指导、非裔美国人文化和历史课程以及男子气概和冲突解决培训）、一个为期六周的暑期就业部分以及一个为期12周的创业体验。在招募的260名青少年中，88人被随机分配接受所有三个项目部分，85人仅被分配到暑期就业和创业部分，87人被分配到延迟项目或对照条件。我们使用调查数据和档案记录比较了这三组的心理社会和行为结果。项目实施数据包括出勤记录；项目前后焦点小组讨论的导师-青少年活动日志；以及与家长、项目工作人员和参与者的电话访谈。参与该项目的青少年的平均年龄为14岁。一半人报告在学校接受免费午餐；一半人与父亲不住在一起；四分之一的人报告他们的母亲没有完成高中学业。在前一年，许多人参与了各种与暴力相关的行为，包括打架（49%）和持枪（22%）。每个项目条件下的青少年在关键人口统计学和行为特征方面相似。SAGE项目的关键组成部分代表了越来越受欢迎但未经测试的方法。初步结果显示，这些青少年既是暴力行为的实施者，也是受害者。
