Wiist W H, Jackson R H, Jackson K W
Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention Program, Houston Department of Health and Human Services, TX 77054, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 1996 Sep-Oct;12(5 Suppl):56-64.
The program described here tests the effectiveness of a community-based and school-based program to reduce violence among African-American and Hispanic adolescents. The program methods are based on social network theory research, which has found that key lay people in communities can be identified and trained to carry out prevention programs. The educational content is based on theories suggesting that characteristics of healthy, adaptive individuals and communities can be taught. A violence-prevention leadership program is provided to a cohort of middle-school student peer leaders and their parents and for the leaders of the neighborhoods around the middle schools. Three matched pairs of urban middle-school attendance zones were randomly assigned to receive either the intervention or serve as a nonintervention control group. Surveys, interviews, and observations were conducted with the peer leaders, their parents, community leaders, and community residents. Sixty-six percent of the peer leaders reported that they had hit someone in the past 30 days. Twenty-six percent of the sixth-graders had punched or beaten someone in the past 30 days. Within the past year, 6% of the adults had slapped or kicked someone. Within the past 30 days, 14% of the sixth-graders had been punched or beaten. Within the past year, 6% of the adults had been punched or beaten. A large percentage of adolescents are victims and perpetrators of violence and are exposed to violence in their neighborhoods. Violence-prevention strategies can be implemented through collaborations among health departments, community-based organizations, universities, and schools.
此处描述的项目测试了一项基于社区和学校的项目在减少非裔美国人和西班牙裔青少年暴力行为方面的有效性。该项目方法基于社会网络理论研究，该研究发现社区中的关键非专业人士可以被识别并培训以实施预防项目。教育内容基于一些理论，这些理论表明健康、适应性强的个人和社区的特征是可以传授的。为一群初中学生同伴领袖及其家长以及初中周围社区的领袖提供了一个预防暴力领导力项目。三对匹配的城市初中入学区域被随机分配接受干预或作为非干预对照组。对同伴领袖、他们的家长、社区领袖和社区居民进行了调查、访谈和观察。66%的同伴领袖报告说他们在过去30天内打过别人。26%的六年级学生在过去30天内拳打或殴打过人。在过去一年里，6%的成年人扇过或踢过别人。在过去30天内，14%的六年级学生被拳打或殴打。在过去一年里，6%的成年人被拳打或殴打。很大比例的青少年是暴力行为的受害者和实施者，并且在他们的社区中接触到暴力。预防暴力策略可以通过卫生部门、社区组织、大学和学校之间的合作来实施。
