Młynarczyk G, Rosdahl V T, Skov R, Młynarczyk A
Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland.
J Hosp Infect. 1996 Oct;34(2):151-60. doi: 10.1016/s0195-6701(96)90141-3.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were collected during two eight-month periods in 1991 and 1994, respectively. In order to study the epidemiology, all 74 strains were characterized by phage-typing, antibiotic resistance patterns and DNA-restriction map after cleavage with SmaI enzyme, and pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis (PFGE). These investigations confirmed that MRSA in the hospital, 1991 and 1994, was not due to the spread of one or two clones, but by the simultaneous occurrence of a few well characterized strains and sporadic, occurring strains of different phage-types. Some of these might have developed from the more commonly occurring strains. Isolates from 1994 were more resistant to antibiotics in vitro, than the 1991 isolates. The typing results also indicated that whilst most of the MRSA strains in 1994 were different compared with those of 1991, some of the strains might have been present in both years. The PFGE-typing was more discriminatory and gave a higher typability than the phage-typing, especially among the multiply resistant isolates of MRSA from 1994. Among the less resistant strains the phage-typability was high and with only few exceptions, there was a good correlation between PFGE-type and phage-type.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）菌株分别于1991年和1994年的两个八个月期间收集。为了研究其流行病学，对所有74株菌株进行了噬菌体分型、抗生素耐药模式分析，并用SmaI酶切割后的DNA限制性图谱以及脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）进行了特征分析。这些调查证实，1991年和1994年医院内的MRSA并非由一两个克隆株传播所致，而是由一些特征明确的菌株与不同噬菌体类型的散发病例同时出现所致。其中一些可能是由更常见的菌株演变而来。1994年的分离株在体外比1991年的分离株对抗生素更耐药。分型结果还表明，虽然1994年的大多数MRSA菌株与1991年的不同，但有些菌株可能在这两年中都存在。PFGE分型比噬菌体分型更具鉴别力，分型能力更高，尤其是在1994年多重耐药的MRSA分离株中。在耐药性较低的菌株中，噬菌体分型能力较高，除少数例外，PFGE型与噬菌体型之间有良好的相关性。
