Umbreit J N
Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of South Alabama Cancer Center, Mobile 36688, USA.
Anticancer Res. 1996 Sep-Oct;16(5A):3013-29.
The mammary gland underwent morphological changes starting from a simple tubular structure, developing into a rich alveolar formation during lactation and ultimately a terminally differentiated tubular complex in retired breeders. Early stages of development, male and virgin mouse glands, were rich in hyaluronic acid but also contained smaller amounts of a low sulfate heparan. During lactation, there was a dramatic increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycan, in particular dermatan sulfate. Retired breeders were characterized by a highly sulfated heparan. These changes in glycosaminoglycan composition were analogous to changes seen in many embryologic tissues during morphogenesis and reflect the alterations in tissue modeling. The changes in glycosaminoglycans were reflective of the change observed in solubilized membrane associated proteoglycan. During lactation there was a dramatic increase in the content of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan. Both the dermatan sulfate and the proteoglycan which predominate during lactation was isolated as a complex with a small RNA, called pgRNA. The pgRNA was found only in-the lactating stage and not in virgin mice or retired breeders.
乳腺经历了形态学变化，从简单的管状结构开始，在哺乳期发展为丰富的腺泡结构，最终在经产母鼠中成为终末分化的管状复合体。在发育早期，雄性和未孕小鼠的腺体富含透明质酸，但也含有少量低硫酸化的硫酸乙酰肝素。在哺乳期，硫酸化糖胺聚糖显著增加，尤其是硫酸皮肤素。经产母鼠的特征是高度硫酸化的硫酸乙酰肝素。糖胺聚糖组成的这些变化类似于形态发生过程中许多胚胎组织中观察到的变化，反映了组织重塑的改变。糖胺聚糖的变化反映了在可溶性膜相关蛋白聚糖中观察到的变化。在哺乳期，硫酸皮肤素蛋白聚糖的含量显著增加。在哺乳期占主导地位的硫酸皮肤素和蛋白聚糖都被分离为与一种小RNA（称为pgRNA）的复合物。pgRNA仅在哺乳期发现，在未孕小鼠或经产母鼠中未发现。
