Stern J M, Lonstein J S
Department of Psychology, Rutgers--The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA.
Dev Psychobiol. 1996 Mar;29(2):101-22. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199603)29:2<101::AID-DEV2>3.0.CO;2-W.
The supine nursing posture, which occurs increasingly as growing pups initiate nursing from their recumbent dam, was demonstrated to require more space than that provided in earlier studies of mother-young contact (e.g., Leon, Croskerry, & Smith, 1978). Further, hyperthermic rat pups were shown to be deficient in eliciting normal nursing behavior. During a 4-hr separation from their dam, 7-day-old rat pups were incubated at 34 degrees C (nest temperature) or at 39 degrees C (WARM). Compared to controls, WARM-litter dams showed increased licking of and hovering over pups and decreased upright crouching, while WARM litters showed decreased nipple attachment and weight gain. On Day 13, similar effects occurred after incubation at 39 degrees C (vs. 34 degrees C), but not at 36 or 38 degrees C. The results stress the need for ethologically meaningful conditions and direct behavioral observations to reveal the importance of pup activity in the mother-young dyad.
随着幼崽逐渐长大并开始从卧着的母鼠身上吃奶，仰卧式哺乳姿势越来越常见，研究表明，这种姿势比早期关于母婴接触的研究（如Leon、Croskerry和Smith，1978年）所提供的空间要求更多。此外，体温过高的幼鼠表现出在引发正常哺乳行为方面存在缺陷。在与母鼠分离4小时期间，将7日龄的幼鼠分别置于34摄氏度（巢穴温度）或39摄氏度（高温）环境中孵化。与对照组相比，处于高温环境下的母鼠对幼崽的舔舐和 hovering行为增加，直立蹲伏行为减少，而处于高温环境下的幼崽则表现出乳头附着减少和体重增加减少。在第13天，在39摄氏度（与34摄氏度相比）环境中孵化后出现了类似的效果，但在36或38摄氏度环境中未出现。结果强调了在行为学上有意义的条件和直接行为观察对于揭示幼崽活动在母婴二元组中的重要性的必要性。 （注：“hovering”此处可能是指母鼠在幼崽上方盘旋之类的行为，原文未明确解释，按原样保留。）
