Diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic transdiaphragmatic pericardial window in a patient with an epigastric stab wound: a case report.

Stab wounds to the abdomen can present a diagnostic dilemma to the trauma surgeon, especially in the thoracoabdominal region. Patients with lower chest and upper abdominal stab wounds are at risk for both intraabdominal and cardiac injury. Current options in the evaluation of these patients include mandatory laparotomy, diagnostic peritoneal lavage, thoracoscopy, sonography, and observation. Each has its own inherent advantages and disadvantages, but none of them represents the gold standard. Herein is reported a case of a patient with an epigastric stab wound who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic transdiaphragmatic pericardial window to rule out both peritoneal penetration and cardiac injury.