The pharmacotherapy of social phobia.

Social phobia has been recognized as a discrete diagnostic condition only relatively recently. Epidemiological studies have shown that social phobia is associated with significant impairment and an increasing body of evidence has now indicated that pharmacological treatment is effective. Placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine. A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A, moclobemide, is better tolerated and safer than the irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors and placebo-controlled studies have also demonstrated efficacy for this compound; moreover, positive results from a small study of brofaromine also support the efficacy of this class of compounds. It has been reported that a high-potency benzodiazepine, clonazepam, is effective but there is little placebo-controlled evidence to support the use of other benzodiazepines. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are also being tested in social phobia with encouraging results. More studies are now needed on the long-term treatment of social phobia.