Sysel A M, Pleasant R S, Jacobson J D, Moll H D, Modransky P D, Warnick L D, Sponenberg D P, Eyre P
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA.
Vet Surg. 1996 Nov-Dec;25(6):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1996.tb01452.x.
Amphotericin B-induced synovitis of the left tarsocrural joint was used to create a grade 3 of 4 lameness in 11 horses. Caudal epidural catheters were placed and advanced to the lumbosacral region. Baseline heart and respiratory rates were recorded and horses were videotaped at a walk and trot. Morphine sulphate (0.2 mg/kg) and detomidine hydrochloride (30 micrograms/kg) were administered to treated horses (n = 8) through the epidural catheter; an equivalent volume of physiologic saline solution was administered to control horses (n = 3) through the catheter. At hourly intervals after epidural injection for a total of 6 hours, heart and respiratory rates were recorded, and horses were videotaped walking and trotting. At the end of the observation period, video recordings were scrambled onto a master videotape. Lamenesses were scored by three investigators unaware of group assignment or treatment time. Lameness scores, heart rates, and respiratory rates were compared between groups using repeated measures analysis of variance. There was a significant decrease in lameness score after treatment with epidural morphine and detomidine (P = .0003); average lameness scores of treated horses were less than grade 1 at each hourly observation for 6 hours after drug administration. Early in the observation period, heart rates significantly increased in control horses and decreased in treated horses (P = .03). A similar trend occurred for respiratory rates (P = .07). Results of this study demonstrate that epidural administration of a combination of morphine and detomidine is capable of providing profound hindlimb analgesia in horses.
两性霉素B诱导的左跗关节滑膜炎被用于使11匹马产生4级跛行中的3级跛行。放置尾侧硬膜外导管并推进至腰骶部区域。记录基线心率和呼吸频率，并在马匹行走和小跑时进行录像。通过硬膜外导管向治疗组马匹（n = 8）给予硫酸吗啡（0.2 mg/kg）和盐酸右美托咪定（30微克/千克）；通过导管向对照组马匹（n = 3）给予等量的生理盐溶液。在硬膜外注射后每隔1小时共6小时，记录心率和呼吸频率，并对马匹行走和小跑进行录像。在观察期结束时，将录像记录混录到一盘主录像带上。由三名不知道分组情况或治疗时间的研究人员对跛行进行评分。使用重复测量方差分析比较各组之间的跛行评分、心率和呼吸频率。硬膜外给予吗啡和右美托咪定治疗后跛行评分显著降低（P = .0003）；给药后6小时内，治疗组马匹在每个小时的观察中平均跛行评分均低于1级。在观察期早期，对照组马匹心率显著增加，治疗组马匹心率降低（P = .03）。呼吸频率也出现了类似趋势（P = .07）。本研究结果表明，硬膜外给予吗啡和右美托咪定的组合能够为马匹提供深度的后肢镇痛。
