Mondet B
ORSTOM, CP 75, Belém, Pará, Brésil.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1996;89(2):155-60.
The physiological age of Yellow Fever Aedes females in Africa was studied during four years, from 1988 to 1992. We used a method, according to Polovodova's method, which looks for the "yellow body" under natural light. Those yellow bodies exist in the old females, the "parous" ones, and not in the young females, the "nulliparous" ones. We present some results to illustrate the interest of studying the physiological age of mosquitoes in the epidemiology of the arboviral diseases. The transmission risk, in relation with abundance and parity rate was illustrated, in particular for Aedes africanus and Aedes luteocephalus, which is useful to compare species, or with a given species, to compare periods. The parity rate of Aedes furcifer females was studied on 6 points along a transect between a forest and a village. The rate and the abundance of the females caught on human bates are inversely proportional. The parity rate is minimum in the canopy forest (about 50%) and maximum inside a house (100%). The rains have different consequences on the species, according to the period of fall. At the beginning of the dry season, they bring about hatching, but not at the end of the dry season. Massive hatching, will occur just at the beginning of the rainy season, some weeks later. Studying the physiological age of Ae. africanus females, the number of nulliparous is not related to the rain. That means a possibility of "natural" hatching for part of the eggs. Among the female of the dry season, young females are found, which is important for the transmission capacity. The method, described herein, to determine the physiological age is perfectly applicable to the Yellow Fever vector Haemagogus janthinomys in Southern America. But for the Dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and probably Aedes albopictus, the Detinova's method seems better. Actually, it seems important to study the physiological age of the vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, as well as the evolution of the physiological age in space and time, in order to better know the epidemiology of dengue in Southern America.
1988年至1992年的四年间，对非洲黄热病伊蚊雌蚊的生理年龄进行了研究。我们采用了一种基于波洛沃多娃方法的技术，即在自然光下寻找“黄体”。这些黄体存在于老龄雌蚊（即已产卵的“经产”雌蚊）中，而不存在于幼龄雌蚊（即未产卵的“未产”雌蚊）中。我们展示了一些结果，以说明研究蚊虫生理年龄在虫媒病毒病流行病学中的意义。阐述了与丰度和经产率相关的传播风险，特别是针对非洲伊蚊和黄头伊蚊，这对于比较不同物种或同一物种在不同时期的情况很有用。沿着森林和村庄之间的一条样带，在6个点上研究了叉尾伊蚊雌蚊的经产率。在人饵诱捕中捕获的雌蚊的经产率和丰度成反比。经产率在树冠层森林中最低（约50%），在房屋内最高（100%）。根据降雨时间的不同，降雨对不同物种有不同的影响。在旱季开始时，降雨会导致孵化，但在旱季结束时则不会。大量孵化将在雨季开始几周后才会发生。研究非洲伊蚊雌蚊的生理年龄发现，未产雌蚊的数量与降雨无关。这意味着部分卵可能存在“自然”孵化的情况。在旱季的雌蚊中发现了幼龄雌蚊，这对传播能力很重要。本文所述的确定生理年龄的方法完全适用于南美洲的黄热病传播媒介黄胸血蚊。但对于登革热传播媒介埃及伊蚊以及可能的白纹伊蚊，德蒂诺娃方法似乎更好。实际上，研究埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊这两种传播媒介的生理年龄以及生理年龄在空间和时间上的变化，对于更好地了解南美洲登革热的流行病学情况似乎很重要。
