Reimschuessel R, Chamie S J, Kinnel M
Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201-1192, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1996 Jul 1;209(1):137-9.
To evaluate the nephrotoxic effects of various dosages and regimens of gentamicin in kidneys of toadfish (Opsanus tau).
Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
45 clinically normal toadfish.
Gentamicin was administered at dosages of 2.5, 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg of body weight, i.p., and 3.5 mg/kg, i.m. Fish were euthanatized at various periods (2, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days) after gentamicin administration. Four hours prior to euthanasia, each fish received 100 mg of bromodeoxyuridine/kg, i.p. Histologic evaluation for signs of toxicosis was performed on samples of renal tissue.
Extensive necrosis was evident in the proximal tubes in each fish injected with gentamicin at every time period, regardless of route of administration. By 28 days after injection of gentamicin, sections of kidney that were examined were essentially devoid of proximal tubules. Bromodeoxyuridine staining was detected in collecting duct epithelial cells, but repair along nephrons was not observed.
Toadfish kidneys are extremely susceptible to gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis. Fish in this study did not have overt clinical signs of nephrotoxicosis, but sustained massive tubular necrosis when given the exact therapeutic dose that has been used for channel catfish. There are substantial risks of inducing iatrogenic renal injury in fish species for which therapeutic dosages of gentamicin have not been determined.
评估不同剂量和给药方案的庆大霉素对海湾蟾鱼（Opsanus tau）肾脏的肾毒性作用。
前瞻性、随机、对照试验。
45条临床健康的海湾蟾鱼。
通过腹腔注射给予海湾蟾鱼2.5、5、15和50mg/kg体重的庆大霉素，以及通过肌肉注射给予3.5mg/kg体重的庆大霉素。在给予庆大霉素后的不同时间段（2、3、7、14和28天）对鱼实施安乐死。在安乐死4小时前，每条鱼腹腔注射100mg/kg的溴脱氧尿苷。对肾组织样本进行组织学评估以检测中毒迹象。
在每个时间段，无论给药途径如何，每条注射庆大霉素的鱼近端小管均出现广泛坏死。注射庆大霉素28天后，所检查的肾脏切片基本没有近端小管。在集合管上皮细胞中检测到溴脱氧尿苷染色，但未观察到沿肾单位的修复情况。
海湾蟾鱼的肾脏对庆大霉素诱导的肾毒性极为敏感。本研究中的鱼没有明显的肾中毒临床体征，但给予用于斑点叉尾鮰的确切治疗剂量时却出现了持续性的大量肾小管坏死。对于尚未确定庆大霉素治疗剂量的鱼类物种，存在引发医源性肾损伤的重大风险。
