[Alveolar lavage cytological data in lung transplants free of bronchial superinfection. Toulouse Lung Transplantation Group].

Total and differential cells counts from 173 bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) carried out in 19 lung transplanted recipients have been analysed. The patients were separated into seven groups: (a) those without detectable complications (86 BAL); (b) those with acute rejection (AR) (26 BAL); (c) those with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) (21 BAL); (d) those with intra-alveolar cytomegalovirus (CMV) but asymptomatic (11 BAL); (e) those with an associated intra-alveolar CMV and AR (7 BAL); (f) those with CMV pneumonia (11 BAL); (g) those with infectious pneumonia excluding CMV (11 BAL). The alveolar cytological data were compared to those from control subjects who were smokers (7 BAL) or non-smokers (8 BAL). Excluding the BO group, the total cell count from the BAL of transplanted patients was significantly higher than in the non-smoking controls and was approaching that of the smoking controls. The lymphocytes count was significantly higher in transplanted patients without complication and in the AR group than in the controls, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was a significantly greater eosinophilia at the time of AR than either before or after. Eosinophilia was also higher in grade 3 AR than in grade 1 or 2 AR. These data stress the absence of any correlation between the lymphocyte count in the BAL and the existence of AR. Alternatively, the alveolar eosinophilia observed at the time of AR does not allow the possibility of an infection to be elimitated with certainty.