The relationship between myocardial integrated backscatter, perfusion pressure and wall thickness during isovolumic contraction: an isolated pig heart study.

To investigate the independent effect of myocardial wall thickness and myocardial perfusion pressure on integrated backscatter, experiments were designed in which integrated backscatter of normally perfused myocardial tissue was measured while changes in wall thickness during the cardiac cycle were reduced to a minimum. In nine blood-perfused isolated pig hearts, perfusion pressure was uncoupled from left ventricular pressure generation (Langendorff method) and isovolumic contraction and relaxation were realized by inserting a noncompressible water-filled balloon into the left ventricle. In a first experiment, at constant perfusion pressure (85 mmHg), the integrated backscatter (3-7 MHz), the myocardial wall thickness and the left ventricular pressure were determined simultaneously at various balloon volumes (5-25 mL). A quasistatic increase of balloon volume by 50% resulted in an average decrease of wall thickness of 6.5% (p < 0.01) and a mean increase in the integrated backscatter level of 1.1 dB (p < 0.01). Integrated backscatter levels increased statistically significant by 0.14 +/- 0.014 dB per percent decrease of wall thickness. Measurements of percentage end-systolic myocardial wall thickening ranged from -10% to +10%, mean 0.15 +/- 4.5% (NS from zero); whereas cyclic variation of integrated backscatter ranged from -3.9 to +3.9 dB, mean 0.19 +/- 1.5 dB (NS from zero). In a second experiment, at a constant midrange balloon volume, the same parameters were determined simultaneously at various perfusion pressures (20-120 mmHg). An increase in perfusion pressure by 50% resulted in a small but statistically significant increase of 1.5% in myocardial wall thickness, which could be explained by an increase of intravascular volume. The integrated backscatter levels did not change statistically significantly. Measurements of percentage end-systolic myocardial wall thickening ranged from -8.9 to +7.8%, mean 0.13 +/- 4.0% (NS from zero); whereas cyclic variation of integrated backscatter ranged from -1.8 to +4.2 dB, mean 0.37 +/- 1.3 dB (NS from zero). The magnitude of cyclic variation of integrated backscatter of myocardial tissue in a contractile state is reduced if myocardial muscle is prevented from normal thickening. In addition, changes in intravascular volume during the cardiac cycle have a negligible influence on the absolute backscatter level or its cyclic variation. We conclude, if only wall thickness and perfusion pressure are involved, that integrated backscatter is mainly determined by myocardial wall thickness.