Scheiblauer H, Nübling M, Willkommen H, Löwer J
Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
Clin Ther. 1996;18 Suppl B:59-70. doi: 10.1016/s0149-2918(96)80196-2.
Screening blood donations for antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) greatly reduces the risk of transmitting HCV by transfusions. However, despite such screening programs, plasma pools still contain a high percentage of HCV ribonucleic acid as determined by polymerase chain reaction. This result would not be alarming if the procedures for producing blood products included steps to inactivate or remove HCV. Although this appeared to be the case for all blood products, such as coagulation factors and most immunoglobulins, which are subjected to an inactivation step, the effectiveness of the cold ethanol fractionation process still needed to be determined. In validation experiments using bovine viral diarrhea virus as a model virus for HCV, we demonstrated that the Cohn-Oncley cold ethanol fractionation process neither inactivated nor removed this virus sufficiently. Our observations may help to explain how HCV was transmitted to a number of recipients of intravenous immunoglobulin.
筛查献血者是否存在丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）抗体可大大降低输血传播HCV的风险。然而，尽管有此类筛查项目，但通过聚合酶链反应测定发现，血浆库中仍含有高比例的HCV核糖核酸。如果血液制品的生产程序包含灭活或去除HCV的步骤，这一结果就不会令人担忧。尽管对于所有血液制品，如凝血因子和大多数免疫球蛋白，似乎都是这种情况，它们都经过了灭活步骤，但冷乙醇分级分离过程的有效性仍有待确定。在使用牛病毒性腹泻病毒作为HCV模型病毒的验证实验中，我们证明Cohn-Oncley冷乙醇分级分离过程既不能充分灭活也不能充分去除这种病毒。我们的观察结果可能有助于解释HCV是如何传播给一些静脉注射免疫球蛋白接受者的。
