Patton C B, Beaman M, Csar N, Lewinski C
J Hum Lact. 1996 Jun;12(2):111-5. doi: 10.1177/089033449601200213.
This descriptive correlation study determined the attitudes and behaviors of obstetrics nurses toward breastfeeding and early lactation. Maternity nursing staff at 20 Midwestern hospitals, representing all levels of prenatal care in urban and rural settings, voluntarily answered a 19-item questionnaire. A total of 230 anonymous responses were received. Sixty-four percent of the nurses would recommend or actively encourage breastfeeding and were very interested in helping a woman learn how to breastfeed. Time factors, including shortened length of stay, and lack of knowledge were perceived to be the primary barriers for nurses in assisting mothers to breastfeed. Nurses who cited length of stay as a barrier had more years in obstetric nursing (p < .05). Level of nurses' education correlated positively to active encouragement and support of breastfeeding (p = .024), as well as personal breastfeeding experience (p = .02). The average discharge breastfeeding rate at the study hospitals was 40 percent, well below the national average of 56 percent. Both education and personal experience influence the nurse's attitudes and behaviors in the promotion of breastfeeding. These nurses perceived breastfeeding support as too time-consuming, which suggests that they have not fully adapted to shorter obstetric stays. Nurses need support and continuing education to identify personal bias and knowledge deficits which hinder breastfeeding promotion.
这项描述性相关性研究确定了产科护士对母乳喂养和早期泌乳的态度及行为。来自中西部20家医院的产科护理人员，代表了城乡地区所有级别的产前护理，自愿回答了一份包含19个条目的问卷。共收到230份匿名回复。64%的护士会推荐或积极鼓励母乳喂养，并且对帮助女性学习如何母乳喂养非常感兴趣。时间因素，包括住院时间缩短，以及知识缺乏，被认为是护士协助母亲进行母乳喂养的主要障碍。将住院时间视为障碍的护士从事产科护理工作的年限更长（p < 0.05）。护士的教育水平与对母乳喂养的积极鼓励和支持呈正相关（p = 0.024），与个人母乳喂养经历也呈正相关（p = 0.02）。研究医院的平均出院时母乳喂养率为40%，远低于全国平均水平的56%。教育和个人经历都会影响护士在促进母乳喂养方面的态度和行为。这些护士认为母乳喂养支持过于耗时，这表明他们尚未完全适应产科住院时间的缩短。护士需要支持和继续教育，以识别阻碍母乳喂养推广的个人偏见和知识缺陷。
