Noble J, Potts M
Center for Latin American Studies, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
J Biosoc Sci. 1996 Apr;28(2):211-25. doi: 10.1017/s0021932000022252.
South Korea and Cuba are dissimilar in religion, economy, culture and attitudes toward premarital sexual relations. In 1960, Korea instituted a national family planning programme to combat rapid population growth. Cuba explicitly rejected Malthusian policies, but made family planning universally available in 1974 in response to health needs. Both countries have undergone rapid fertility declines and today have less than replacement level fertility. Both countries have also used a similar mixture of methods, including a high prevalence of female sterilisation. Abortion has played a major role in the fertility decline of both countries, rising in the first half of the fertility transition and then falling, although remaining a significant variable in the second half. It is concluded that access to contraception, voluntary sterilisation, and safe abortion has a direct impact on fertility and has been associated with a rapid fall in family size in two very different countries.
韩国和古巴在宗教、经济、文化以及对婚前性行为的态度方面存在差异。1960年，韩国实施了一项全国性的计划生育计划，以应对人口的快速增长。古巴明确拒绝马尔萨斯主义政策，但在1974年，出于健康需求，使计划生育普及开来。两国的生育率都迅速下降，如今均低于更替水平生育率。两国还采用了类似的方法组合，包括女性绝育的高普及率。堕胎在两国生育率下降过程中都起到了主要作用，在生育转变的前半期上升，然后下降，尽管在后半期仍然是一个重要变量。得出的结论是，获得避孕措施、自愿绝育和安全堕胎直接影响生育率，并与两个非常不同的国家家庭规模的迅速下降有关。
