Nohara M
University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.
J Child Lang. 1996 Jun;23(2):417-29. doi: 10.1017/s0305000900008862.
Twenty-one videotape recorded interactions of 42 preschool children (aged 3;4 to 5;3) in same-sexed dyads were coded and analysed to see how these children used the word no in their interactions. Results showed that while boys and girls used the word no equally frequently, they were found to use the word in different ways. A trend for boys to use no when correcting or prohibiting their playmate's behaviour more often than girls was revealed. Girls were more likely to provide reasons for denying or rejecting their playmate's proposition or suggestion. The overall findings of this study are comparable to previously reported results indicating that males and females employ different styles of speech in order to accomplish the same goal. However, unlike most studies conducted on language and sex, this study offers a unique approach in that it examines how boys and girls use a word that occurs equally frequently in their vocabulary to accomplish different goals.
对42名学龄前儿童（年龄在3岁4个月至5岁3个月之间）在同性二元组中的21次录像互动进行了编码和分析，以观察这些儿童在互动中如何使用“不”这个词。结果显示，虽然男孩和女孩使用“不”这个词的频率相同，但发现他们使用这个词的方式不同。研究发现，男孩比女孩更常在校正或禁止玩伴行为时使用“不”。女孩更有可能为拒绝或驳回玩伴的提议或建议给出理由。这项研究的总体结果与先前报道的结果相当，表明男性和女性为了实现相同的目标采用不同的言语风格。然而，与大多数关于语言和性别的研究不同，这项研究提供了一种独特的方法，即研究男孩和女孩如何使用他们词汇中出现频率相同的一个词来实现不同的目标。
