Glutamate as a putative neurotransmitter in the mollusc, Lymnaea stagnalis.

Bath-applied glutamate (10-1000 microM) produced excitatory and inhibitory responses on numerous identified neurons of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis. Using both in situ and in vitro preparations, glutamate or glutamate agonists produced a depolarization in identified neurons right pedal dorsal 1 and right pedal dorsal 2 and 3. However, attempts to block glutamate-evoked responses with glutamate antagonists were unsuccessful. We examined a potential glutamatergic neuron, visceral dorsal 4. Exogenous application of the peptides (GDPFLRFamide and SDPFLRFamide) could mimic the inhibitory, but not the excitatory effects of visceral dorsal 4 on its postsynaptic cells, implying the presence of a second transmitter. We tested the possibility that glutamate is this second neurotransmitter by using excitatory synapses between visceral dorsal 4 and postsynaptic cells right pedal dorsal 2 and 3, right pedal dorsal 1, visceral F group and right parietal B group neurons. Of all the putative neurotransmitters tested, only glutamate had consistent excitatory effects on these postsynaptic cells. Also, the amplitude of the right pedal dorsal 2 and 3 excitatory postsynaptic potentials was reduced in the presence of N-methyl-D-aspartate and other glutamate agonists, suggesting desensitization of the endogenous transmitter receptor. In conclusion, some identified Lymnaea neurons respond to glutamate via a receptor with novel pharmacological properties. Furthermore, a Lymnaea interneuron may employ glutamate as a transmitter at excitatory synapses.