Bettega G, Chenin M, Sadek H, Cinquin P, Lebeau J, Coulomb M, Raphaël B
Service de chirurgie Plastique et Maxillo-faciale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, France.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1996 Nov;33(6):463-7. doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_1996_033_0463_tdfc_2.3.co_2.
Craniofacial growth has been the subject of numerous studies in which different techniques have been elaborated aiming to model this dynamic phenomenon in a rational manner. One of the methods employed is cephalometric analysis applied to the fetus. Generally, however, these studies are confined to the exploration of a single spatial plane (sagittal plane), whose orientation is never defined in a rigorous and perfectly reproducible manner. Thus, none of these analyses offers a formal growth model. This has led us to propose a new method of fetal cephalometric study taking into account criteria for proper reproducible analysis: spatial exploration of the head performed through three-dimensional tomodensitometric images and precise location of landmarks and reproducibility of the orientation of each image, which is assured by reference to the vestibular orientation (based on the external semicircular canals), as has been described by Girard and Perez and further developed by Fenart. When the labyrinth is developed, this orientation does not change during the growth stages of the head, even with craniofacial deformities. This permits application of this orientation on fetuses and the superposition of images of different subjects. The methodology is presented using two normal human fetuses, and the advantages of this computerized tool are discussed.
颅面生长一直是众多研究的主题，在这些研究中，人们精心设计了不同的技术，旨在以合理的方式对这种动态现象进行建模。所采用的方法之一是应用于胎儿的头影测量分析。然而，一般来说，这些研究仅限于探索单个空间平面（矢状面），其方向从未以严格且完全可重复的方式定义。因此，这些分析都没有提供一个正式的生长模型。这促使我们提出一种新的胎儿头影测量研究方法，该方法考虑了进行可重复分析的适当标准：通过三维体层摄影图像对头进行空间探索，精确地标定点的位置，以及通过参考前庭方向（基于外半规管）确保每个图像方向的可重复性，正如吉拉德和佩雷斯所描述并由费纳特进一步发展的那样。当内耳迷路发育完成后，这种方向在头部生长阶段不会改变，即使存在颅面畸形。这使得这种方向能够应用于胎儿，并对不同个体的图像进行叠加。本文使用两个正常人类胎儿展示了该方法，并讨论了这种计算机化工具的优势。
