[A case report of open heart surgery in an infant with MNMS caused by femoral arterial cannulation during cardiopulmonary bypass].

We report a case of myonephropathic metabolic syndrome (MNMS) and compartment syndrome caused by femoral arterial cannulation during long-term cardiopulmonary bypass. A boy who had been diagnosed with truncus arteriosus type 1 and who subsequently underwent a Rastelli operation at age 3 months had a second Rastelli operation at age 6 years due to graft stenosis (pressure gradient 82 mmHg between RV and PA). MNMS and compartment syndrome occurred postoperatively due to long-term femoral arterial cannulation during cardiopulmonary bypass. However, acute renal failure was successfully managed with CAPD. The patient recovered from acute renal failure 40 days postoperatively. CAPD is considered useful for postoperative acute renal failure in infants. We conclude that retrograde insertion of the cannula should be changed to anterograde insertion at an earlier time, or else the cannula should be inserted via the prosthetic graft.