Ullom-Minnich M R
University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1996 Nov 15;54(7):2259-66, 2271.
The etiology of primary nocturnal enuresis remains somewhat controversial but may include genetic factors, decreased functional bladder capacity, increased diuresis at night, and constipation. Deep sleep and emotional illness usually play only a minimal role. A detailed description of the enuretic episodes should be obtained, and a neurologic examination should be performed as part of the physical evaluation of a child with nocturnal enuresis. In uncomplicated cases, urinalysis and a urine culture are the only required laboratory tests. The specific cause of the nocturnal enuresis usually is not determined. Treatment options include the urine alarm system, pharmacotherapy and complex regimens such as dry-bed training. Treatments are often combined. Nocturnal enuresis eventually resolves in the majority of cases.
原发性夜间遗尿症的病因仍存在一定争议，可能包括遗传因素、膀胱功能容量降低、夜间多尿以及便秘。深度睡眠和情绪疾病通常仅起极小作用。应详细描述遗尿发作情况，对于患有夜间遗尿症的儿童，神经系统检查应作为体格检查的一部分。在无并发症的病例中，尿常规和尿培养是仅需进行的实验室检查。夜间遗尿症的具体病因通常无法确定。治疗选择包括尿警报系统、药物治疗以及如干床训练等综合方案。治疗方法常联合使用。大多数情况下，夜间遗尿症最终会自愈。
