Lupulescu A P
Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Cancer. 1996 Dec 1;78(11):2264-80.
Hormones, hormone agonists, hormone antagonists, vitamins and their synthetic analogues, and growth factors are currently the most widely used anticancer drugs. Although in many cases they provide dramatic results, in other cases their effects are conflicting. A critical appraisal of the effects of these drugs is needed.
To evaluate the potential therapeutic and preventive roles of these drugs as well as their areas of controversy, data published in the literature in the last two decades are reviewed in this article, and the author's personal findings are also reviewed.
Hormones, hormone agonists, hormone antagonists, vitamins and their synthetic analogues, growth factors, and cytokines are replacing conventional cancer therapies (chemotherapy, surgical therapy, and radiation therapy) for many purposes, and recently became the "fourth arm" of cancer treatment. However, their mechanisms of action have not yet been elucidated. This article critically reviews the mechanisms of their action on cancer cells (specifically, DNA, RNA, oncogenes, and antioncogenes); their role in cancer cell division, cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis; and their relation to human cancers. Since hormones, vitamins, growth factors (GFs), and GF receptors play a cardinal role in multistage carcinogenesis, using monoclonal antibodies to develop novel hormone antagonists, vitamin synthetic analogues, and GF inhibitors will be of paramount significance for neoadjuvant systemic therapy and cancer prevention.
It is hoped that the data presented in this review regarding the role of hormones, hormone agonists, hormone antagonists, vitamins, growth factors, and growth factor inhibitors will provide a rationale for designing effective new cancer chemoprevention strategies and clinical trials.
激素、激素激动剂、激素拮抗剂、维生素及其合成类似物以及生长因子是目前应用最广泛的抗癌药物。尽管在许多情况下它们能产生显著效果，但在其他情况下其作用却相互矛盾。因此需要对这些药物的作用进行批判性评估。
为了评估这些药物的潜在治疗和预防作用以及它们存在争议的领域，本文回顾了过去二十年文献中发表的数据，同时也回顾了作者个人的研究发现。
激素、激素激动剂、激素拮抗剂、维生素及其合成类似物、生长因子和细胞因子正逐渐在许多方面取代传统的癌症治疗方法（化疗、手术治疗和放射治疗），并在最近成为癌症治疗的“第四支柱”。然而，它们的作用机制尚未阐明。本文批判性地回顾了它们对癌细胞的作用机制（具体而言，对DNA、RNA、癌基因和抗癌基因的作用）；它们在癌细胞分裂、细胞周期、凋亡和血管生成中的作用；以及它们与人类癌症的关系。由于激素、维生素、生长因子（GFs）和GF受体在多阶段致癌过程中起关键作用，利用单克隆抗体开发新型激素拮抗剂、维生素合成类似物和GF抑制剂对于新辅助全身治疗和癌症预防具有至关重要的意义。
希望本综述中关于激素、激素激动剂、激素拮抗剂、维生素、生长因子和生长因子抑制剂作用的数据，能为设计有效的新癌症化学预防策略和临床试验提供理论依据。
