Steroidogenic factor-1 expression is transiently repressed and c-myc expression and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis are induced in rat granulosa cells during the periovulatory period.

The expression of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), and cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc) was examined during the periovulatory period. Immature rats were injected with eCG to induce development of ovarian follicles to the preovulatory stage. At 48 h after the eCG injection, the LH surge was simulated by an injection of an ovulatory dose of hCG, and RNA was isolated at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after hCG injection. The mRNA levels for SF-1, P450arom, and P450scc were relatively high in total ovarian RNA samples from eCG-treated rats. Levels of SF-1 and P450arom mRNA decreased within 2 h after injection of hCG. The SF-1 mRNA levels gradually increased from 4 to 24 h. Aromatase levels remained undetectable until 24 h after hCG. P450scc mRNA levels increased throughout the 24-h period after hCG. Levels of SF-1 and P450arom, but not P450scc, mRNA were also reduced in RNA samples from isolated granulosa cells at 4 h after hCG treatment relative to those from eCG-treated rats. In situ hybridization analysis also revealed that hCG uniformly suppressed SF-1 mRNA levels an all granulosa cells compared to those of eCG-treated controls. The relationship of SF-1 expression to immediate/early gene expression and cell cycle traverse was also examined. C-myc mRNA levels were induced by up to 10-fold at 4 h after hCG injection. Similarly, DNA synthesis, as measured by the percentage of granulosa cells that incorporated 5'-bromodeoxyuridine, was increased from 16 +/- 4% in eCG-treated rats to 61 +/- 7% at 4 h after hCG treatment (p < 0.05). This study provides the novel finding that SF-1 expression is transiently repressed to very low levels in response to the LH surge. Further, these studies suggest that granulosa cells traverse the cell cycle before becoming terminally differentiated luteal cells.