Lukkarinen O
Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1996;85(3):202-6.
The most common urological tumours consist of tumours of the kidney, the bladder and the prostate, which all tend to occur with an increasing frequency in the population. Along with the improved early diagnosis of renal and prostatic carcinomas, the number of patients requiring radical treatment is also increasing. Radical nephrectomy is still the treatment of choice for renal cancer. The treatment of infiltrative local bladder carcinoma is radical cystectomy, whereas superficial bladder carcinoma is still treated by using endoscopic transurethral coagulation, resection or laceration. Organ-saving surgery has also been adopted into use in the treatment of small local renal and bladder cancer. In female patients with local infiltrative bladder cancer it is possible to reserve the normal micturation by a new technique in which the urethra is retained after radical surgery, or the appendix is used for replacing the urethra after radical cystectomy. These new techniques improve the patients' quality of life. Anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy has reduced the number of surgical complications in the treatment of prostatic cancer. The significance of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies for the patient's prognosis is still controversial and requires further research.
最常见的泌尿系统肿瘤包括肾脏、膀胱和前列腺肿瘤，这些肿瘤在人群中的发病率都呈上升趋势。随着肾癌和前列腺癌早期诊断水平的提高，需要进行根治性治疗的患者数量也在增加。根治性肾切除术仍然是肾癌的首选治疗方法。浸润性局部膀胱癌的治疗是根治性膀胱切除术，而浅表性膀胱癌仍通过内镜经尿道凝固、切除或撕裂术进行治疗。保留器官手术也已应用于局部小肾癌和膀胱癌的治疗。对于局部浸润性膀胱癌的女性患者，通过一种新技术可以保留正常排尿功能，即在根治性手术后保留尿道，或在根治性膀胱切除术后用阑尾替代尿道。这些新技术提高了患者的生活质量。耻骨后根治性前列腺切除术减少了前列腺癌治疗中的手术并发症数量。新辅助治疗和辅助治疗对患者预后的意义仍存在争议，需要进一步研究。
