Burton J H, Mikulich M A, Timm G W, Scott F B, Attia S L, Bradley W E
Med Instrum. 1977 Jul-Aug;11(4):217-20.
Three models of an artificial sphincter for treatment of urinary incontinence are described. Each of the models shares the two basic features of a cuff that encircles the urethra and a totally implantable hydraulic system for volitionally inflating the cuff to control the flow of urine. The models differ in the means by which pressure in the cuff is maintained below safe operating limits. In one model, pressure is regulated by a pressure-relief valve. This model has a clinical success rate of 66 percent over 5 years. The success rate has been increased by improvements in mechanical design, surgical technique, and patient selection. In another model, cuff pressure is regulated by means of a balloon which inflates at constant pressure as fluid is pumped into the balloon and cuff simultaneously to occlude the urethra. In the third model, pressure is also controlled by a balloon. To void, fluid is pumped from the cuff into the balloon. It then automatically flows back to the cuff through a fluid resistance to reestablish continence. Clinical trials of the balloon-regulated models are currently in progress.
本文介绍了三种用于治疗尿失禁的人工括约肌模型。每个模型都具有环绕尿道的袖带和完全可植入的液压系统这两个基本特征，该液压系统可通过手动充气袖带来控制尿液流动。这些模型在将袖带内压力维持在安全操作限度以下的方式上有所不同。在一种模型中，压力由减压阀调节。该模型在5年中的临床成功率为66%。通过机械设计、手术技术和患者选择方面的改进，成功率有所提高。在另一种模型中，袖带压力通过一个气球来调节，当液体同时泵入气球和袖带以阻塞尿道时，气球以恒定压力充气。在第三种模型中，压力也由一个气球控制。排尿时，液体从袖带泵入气球。然后它会通过一个流体阻力自动流回袖带以恢复控尿功能。目前正在对气球调节模型进行临床试验。
