Refined deletion mapping of the chromosome 19q glioma tumor suppressor gene to the D19S412-STD interval.

Allelic loss of chromsome 19q occurs frequently in malignant gliomas, suggesting the presence of a chromosome 19q glioma tumor suppressor gene. Deletion mapping studies have delineated a 3.5 Mb candidate region between D19S219 and HRC. Cloned sequences from the proximal 425 kb of this interval, however, have not shown tumor-specific alterations. To refine the location of the tumor suppressor gene further, we conducted loss of heterozygosity studies on 191 malignant gliomas using nine PCR-based polymorphisms. These included the previously identified and physically mapped markers D19S219, DM, D19S112, HRC and the recently physically mapped polymorphisms at D19S412, STD, D19S596 and GYS. In addition, we isolated a novel microsatellite polymorphism that maps 400 kb telomeric to D19S112. Oligodendroglial tumors showed frequent loss of heterozygosity in all grades, and typically displayed allelic loss at all studied markers. Astrocytomas, however, showed frequent loss primarily in anaplastic astrocytomas and displayed deletion breakpoints within the candidate region. Deletion mapping revealed a minimal region of overlap between D19S412 and STD, a distance of 900 kb. These data suggest that the D19S412-STD interval represents the most likely location for a chromsome 19q glioma tumor suppressor gene involved in astrocytoma, and perhaps oligodendroglioma, tumorigenesis.