Smyth M M
Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, U.K.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 1996 Nov;49(4):940-9. doi: 10.1080/713755669.
We have previously argued that rehearsal in spatial working memory is interfered with by spatial attention shifts rather than simply by movements to locations in space (Smyth & Scholey, 1994). It is possible, however, that the stimuli intended to induce attention shifts in our experiments also induced eye movements and interfered either with an overt eye movement rehearsal strategy or with a covert one. In the first experiment reported here, subjects fixated while they maintained a sequence of spatial items in memory before recalling them in order. Fixation did not affect recall, but auditory spatial stimuli presented during the interval did decrease performance, and it was further decreased if the stimuli were categorized as corning from the right or the left. A second experiment investigated the effects of auditory spatial stimuli to which no response was ever required and found that these did not interfere with performance, indicating that it is the spatial salience of targets that leads to interference. This interference from spatial input in the absence of any overt movement of the eyes or limbs is interpreted in terms of shifts of spatial attention or spatial monitoring, which Morris (1989) has suggested affects spatial encoding and which our findings suggest also affects reactivation in rehearsal.
我们之前曾提出，空间工作记忆中的复述会受到空间注意转移的干扰，而不仅仅是受到向空间中位置的移动的干扰（史密斯和肖利，1994）。然而，在我们的实验中，旨在诱发注意转移的刺激也可能诱发了眼球运动，并干扰了公开的眼球运动复述策略或隐蔽的复述策略。在本文报道的第一个实验中，受试者在按顺序回忆之前，先在记忆中保持一系列空间项目时保持注视。注视并不影响回忆，但在间隔期间呈现的听觉空间刺激确实会降低表现，如果将刺激分类为来自右侧或左侧，表现会进一步降低。第二个实验研究了从不要求做出反应的听觉空间刺激的影响，发现这些刺激不会干扰表现，这表明是目标的空间显著性导致了干扰。在没有任何眼球或肢体的公开运动的情况下，来自空间输入的这种干扰是根据空间注意或空间监测的转移来解释的，莫里斯（1989）曾提出这会影响空间编码，而我们的研究结果表明这也会影响复述中的再激活。
