Lindner H, Beyer I, Röhl F W, Behrens-Baumann W
Universitäts-Augenklinik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg.
Ophthalmologe. 1996 Aug;93(4):467-75.
Personal optical and electronic devices are helpful to people with binocular vision of less than 0.3 or a substantially impaired visual field. Striking brightness and color contrast may help patients to orient themselves outdoors. This is particularly true for patients with age-related macular degeneration who have diminished contrast sensitivity as evaluated by the Vistech test and the low-contrast sensitivity test. In this study, the desired level or color combination of contrasts was assessed subjectively by a scaled estimate. The patients were required to assess a sample of 79 black-and-white and color contrasts according to a five-point scale comprising the ratings "much too low", "low", "optimal", "high", "much too high". The visual fields (outfield, infield) were either colorless or contained the colors yellow, green, red, purple or blue. The study involved 59 patients with age-related macular degeneration. Ninety percent of the patients were over 65 years old. There were twice as many women as men. The control group population consisted of 43 emmetropic subjects. In black or white infields on a colorless background (light gray to dark gray), a slight preference for positive (infield lighter than the background) contrast situations was found. The optimal contrasts were in the range of [K[ > 0.91. When colored infields were presented on a colorless background, the light infield colors yellow and green were preferred. The optimal contrast level was found to be [K[ > 0.85. Similarly, when colorless and colored infields were presented, light infield colors (white, yellow, green) on a dark background (purple, blue) were preferred. In selecting contrasts, subjects with impaired vision because of age-related macular degeneration preferred positive contrasts, i.e., mainly white, yellow and green on a colored or colorless background. These results provide information that can be used in designing orientation aids, e.g., road striping and lines, edges of stairs, handrails, timetables, etc. Conflicts of interest with emmetropic subjects is not to be expected. Subjects in the control group, while preferring similar contrasts, were ready to accept a wider range than the partially sighted.
个人光学和电子设备对双眼视力低于0.3或视野严重受损的人有帮助。显著的亮度和颜色对比度可能有助于患者在户外确定自己的方位。对于年龄相关性黄斑变性患者尤其如此，通过Vistech测试和低对比度敏感度测试评估，他们的对比度敏感度有所下降。在本研究中，通过量表估计主观评估所需的对比度水平或颜色组合。要求患者根据包含“太低”“低”“最佳”“高”“太高”评分的五点量表，对79个黑白和颜色对比度样本进行评估。视野（外周视野、中央视野）要么是无色的，要么包含黄色、绿色、红色、紫色或蓝色。该研究涉及59名年龄相关性黄斑变性患者。90%的患者年龄超过65岁。女性人数是男性的两倍。对照组由43名正视眼受试者组成。在无色背景（浅灰色到深灰色）上的黑色或白色中央视野中，发现对正性（中央视野比背景亮）对比度情况略有偏好。最佳对比度在[K]>0.91范围内。当在无色背景上呈现彩色中央视野时，较亮的中央视野颜色黄色和绿色更受青睐。发现最佳对比度水平为[K]>0.85。同样，当呈现无色和彩色中央视野时，深色背景（紫色、蓝色）上较亮的中央视野颜色（白色、黄色、绿色）更受青睐。在选择对比度时，因年龄相关性黄斑变性而视力受损的受试者更喜欢正性对比度，即在彩色或无色背景上主要为白色、黄色和绿色。这些结果提供了可用于设计定向辅助工具的信息，例如道路标线和线条、楼梯边缘、扶手、时间表等。预计与正视眼受试者不存在利益冲突。对照组的受试者虽然更喜欢类似的对比度，但比部分视力受损者愿意接受更宽的范围。
