Tepperman P S, De Zwirek C S, Chiarcossi A L, Jimenez J
Postgrad Med. 1977 Sep;62(3):83-9.
The tissue changes that produce pressure sores may be described as occurring in five stages: blanching hyperemia, nonblanching hyperemia, blister and eschar formation, clean ulcer, and infected ulcer. Tissue breakdown is a direct response to external pressure, friction, or shearing force. Prevention of pressure sores comes down to identifying intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors and taking all possible steps to circumvent them. A "step-up" approach to management takes its name from the components surface agents, thermal agents, exposure, ultraviolet light, and pressure redistribution.
皮肤发红充血、非皮肤发红充血、水疱和焦痂形成、清洁溃疡和感染溃疡。组织破损是对外部压力、摩擦或剪切力的直接反应。预防压疮归根结底是要识别内在和外在风险因素，并采取一切可能措施规避这些因素。“递进式”管理方法得名于其组成部分：表面活性剂、热疗剂、暴露、紫外线和压力再分布。
