Effect of the beta-agonist clenbuterol on dexamethasone-induced diaphragm dysfunction in rabbits.

The present study was designed to examine whether clenbuterol (CLEN) could reduce dexamethasone (DEX)-induced diaphragm dysfunction. We studied four groups of New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits, each receiving one of the following daily injections subcutaneously for 2 wk: saline (control), DEX 3 mg/kg, DEX 3 mg/kg + CLEN 2 mg/kg, and CLEN 2 mg/kg. Diaphragm fiber cross-sectional areas (CSA) were measured. Twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and tetanic Pdi were measured during bilateral phrenic stimulation both before and after 60 min of inspiratory resistive loading (IRL). DEX produced a marked atrophy of type IIa and type IIb diaphragm fibers. This diaphragm atrophy was prevented by CLEN in the DEX plus CLEN group. CLEN alone increased CSAs of all three types of diaphragm fibers. Significant reductions in twitch Pdi and tetanic Pdi at all stimulation frequencies both before and after IRL were observed similarly in the DEX group as well as in the DEX plus CLEN group compared with the control animals. We conclude that DEX produces significant diaphragm atrophy and decreases diaphragmatic contractility. CLEN produces hypertrophy of the diaphragm and minimizes diaphragm atrophy induced by DEX, but it has no demonstrable protective effect on DEX-induced diaphragm dysfunction.