Cukrová V, Loudová M, Matĕjková E, Dolezalová L, Srámková I, Korínková P, Starý J, Vítek A
Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.
Folia Biol (Praha). 1996;42(3):93-7.
The search for compatible donors is based on the HLA types of donors and recipients. HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 antigens or alleles must be unequivocally typed in donors and recipients. The typing of HLA-DQB, -DPB and -C gene products is also useful to characterize the HLA phenotype, but it is not absolutely necessary in the donor selection. The standard serological methods using alloantisera and one-dimensional isoelectric focusing are used for the typing of HLA class I antigens. Recently, DNA analysis of class I alleles has been introduced. In HLA class II typing the serological analysis was generally replaced by DNA analysis. In addition to typing techniques that determine the individual HLA alleles or HLA gene products, the cellular matching techniques are used in the selection procedure (mixed lymphocyte culture, cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequency assay, and IL-2-producing helper T lymphocyte precursor frequency assay). The cellular matching techniques determine the compatibility in the regions of HLA comprising several HLA loci; some of them may detect minor histocompatibility (non-HLA) gene disparities as well.
寻找匹配供体是基于供体和受体的人类白细胞抗原（HLA）类型。供体和受体必须明确分型HLA-A、-B和-DRB1抗原或等位基因。HLA-DQB、-DPB和-C基因产物的分型对于表征HLA表型也很有用，但在供体选择中并非绝对必要。使用同种异体抗血清和一维等电聚焦的标准血清学方法用于HLA I类抗原的分型。最近，已引入I类等位基因的DNA分析。在HLA II类分型中，血清学分析通常被DNA分析所取代。除了确定个体HLA等位基因或HLA基因产物的分型技术外，细胞匹配技术也用于选择过程（混合淋巴细胞培养、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞前体频率测定和产生白细胞介素-2的辅助性T淋巴细胞前体频率测定）。细胞匹配技术确定包含多个HLA位点的HLA区域的兼容性；其中一些技术也可能检测到次要组织相容性（非HLA）基因差异。
