Clinical experience with today's IUDs.

Today's IUDs are an extremely safe and effective method of contraception. The progesterone-containing system is associated with diminished menstrual blood loss; however, it must be removed and reinserted annually. The copper-containing IUD is effective for up to 10 years, and is protective against ectopic pregnancy. When used for at least 18 months, the copper IUD is the most cost-effective of all contraceptive methods available in the U.S. (37). There are low rates of adverse events associated with IUD use, with no systemic metabolic effects. There is a rapid return to previous fertility, comparable to other contraceptive methods, including oral contraceptives. In addition, in the event that a woman does become pregnant when using an IUD, the IUD does not increase the risk of congenital abnormalities. Finally, when inserted into appropriate candidates, there is a low risk of pelvic inflammatory disease.