Overstreet D H, Rezvani A H, Pucilowski O, Janowsky D S
Skipper Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine #7175, Chapel Hill 27599-7175, USA.
Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1994;2:205-10.
The involvement of serotonergic mechanisms in the neuropharmacology of alcohol was appreciated before it was recognized that there were multiple subtypes of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptors. Thus, it was known that manipulations of the central serotonergic system could lead to a modification of the rate of tolerance development to alcohol (Frankel et al., 1975) or to a modulation of alcohol intake (Myers and Martin, 1973; Myers and Melchior, 1975) before Peroutka and Snyder (1979) first suggested that there were at least two subtypes of 5-HT receptors. Since these early reports were written, there has been a wealth of studies which have continued to support a role for 5-HT in the regulation of alcohol intake (See McBride et al., 1993b; Sellers et al., 1992, for reviews). Simultaneously, a tremendous expansion in the number of known 5-HT receptor subtypes has occurred (See Peroutka, 1988). However, there have not been, to our knowledge, any papers which have examined the possible role of specific 5-HT receptor subtypes in the regulation of alcohol's central effects. The present review addresses this deficiency in the literature. This review will focus on three major areas: the pharmacological regulation of alcohol intake; differences in 5-HT receptor subtypes among alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rat strains; and alterations in 5-HT receptor subtypes following chronic exposure to alcohol.
在人们认识到血清素（5-羟色胺；5-HT）受体存在多种亚型之前，就已经认识到血清素能机制参与了酒精的神经药理学作用。因此，在佩鲁特卡和斯奈德（1979年）首次提出至少存在两种5-HT受体亚型之前，人们就已经知道，对中枢血清素能系统的操作可导致对酒精耐受性发展速率的改变（弗兰克尔等人，1975年）或对酒精摄入量的调节（迈尔斯和马丁，1973年；迈尔斯和梅尔基奥尔，1975年）。自从撰写了这些早期报告以来，大量研究不断支持5-HT在调节酒精摄入量方面的作用（见麦克布赖德等人，1993b；塞勒斯等人，1992年的综述）。同时，已知的5-HT受体亚型数量也有了极大的增加（见佩鲁特卡，1988年）。然而，据我们所知，尚未有任何论文研究特定5-HT受体亚型在调节酒精中枢效应方面的可能作用。本综述旨在弥补文献中的这一不足。本综述将聚焦于三个主要领域：酒精摄入量的药理学调节；偏好酒精和不偏好酒精的大鼠品系之间5-HT受体亚型的差异；以及长期接触酒精后5-HT受体亚型的变化。
