Okovitov V V
Central Scientific Military Aviation Hospital, Moscow.
Aviakosm Ekolog Med. 1996;30(5):62-6.
In the majority of countries the requirements to refraction and visual acuity into the distance of candidates to aviation schools are extremely high. However, despite rigorous selection the number of students expelled from aviation schools for the reason of myopia remains impressive and even tends to rise. Aside from high incidence of myopia, this is the consequence of considerable visual loading of students and low-informative methods of examination. Simple and easy accommodation tests, the so-called visual loading tests, were applied to 628 candidates to aviation students. Analysis of results showed high informative merits of two procedures, i.e. Evaluation of stability of the visual acuity into the distance (VAD), and Determination of VAD recovery time following preliminary accommodation loading. Subjects with hypermetropia of up to 2.0 dioptres had the best VAD stability. This index was slightly lower in emmetrops; the least VAD stability margin was found in myopathic subjects. After accommodation loading, the VAD recovery time increased by more than 0.75 dioptres in the myopathic subjects and 2.0 dioptres in the hypermetropic subjects. Hence, the visual loading tests show promise as procedures worthy to be included into the program of medical selection of candidates to aviation students.
在大多数国家，对报考航校学员的屈光度和远视力要求极高。然而，尽管选拔严格，但因近视被航校开除的学生数量仍令人瞩目，甚至有上升趋势。除了近视发病率高之外，这是学生视觉负担过重以及检查方法信息不足导致的结果。对628名报考航校的学生进行了简单易行的调节测试，即所谓的视觉负荷测试。结果分析表明，两种测试方法，即远视力稳定性评估（VAD）和初步调节负荷后VAD恢复时间的测定，具有很高的信息价值。远视度数高达2.0屈光度的受试者VAD稳定性最佳。正视眼受试者的这一指标略低；在患有肌病的受试者中，VAD稳定性最低。调节负荷后，患有肌病的受试者VAD恢复时间增加超过0.75屈光度，远视受试者增加2.0屈光度。因此，视觉负荷测试有望成为值得纳入航校学员医学选拔程序的测试方法。
