Klein R C, Weilandics C
Safety & Environmental Protection Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1996 Dec;57(12):1124-6. doi: 10.1080/15428119691014215.
Uncoated metallic lead is widely used as radiation shielding in research and development, nuclear medicine and radiology, and various manufacturing processes. The common use of lead shielding, however, may present an insidious health hazard due to lead dust. Field and laboratory measurements were collected to evaluate the distribution and removal of lead from radiation shielding material as well as to measure airborne exposures during large shielding emplacement projects. The data indicate that lead is readily dispersed from visibly oxidized as well as freshly-cleaned shielding, but that a single coating of polyurethane can reduce lead removal by nearly three orders of magnitude. Although 8-hour time-weighted average exposures for workers constructing lead shielding structures were nearly all below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's action level of 30 micrograms/m3 (due to short work periods), the distribution of airborne lead concentrations during this kind of work demonstrates a potential for overexposure.
无涂层金属铅广泛用作研发、核医学与放射学以及各种制造工艺中的辐射屏蔽材料。然而，由于铅尘，铅屏蔽的普遍使用可能带来潜在的健康危害。收集了现场和实验室测量数据，以评估辐射屏蔽材料中铅的分布和去除情况，并测量大型屏蔽安置项目期间的空气传播暴露情况。数据表明，铅很容易从明显氧化的屏蔽材料以及刚清洁过的屏蔽材料中分散出来，但单层聚氨酯涂层可将铅的去除量减少近三个数量级。尽管建造铅屏蔽结构的工人的8小时时间加权平均暴露量几乎都低于职业安全与健康管理局30微克/立方米的行动水平（由于工作周期短），但此类工作期间空气传播铅浓度的分布显示存在过度暴露的可能性。
