Woods R L, Bradley A, Atchison D A
Centre for Eye Research, School of Optometry Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
Vision Res. 1996 Nov;36(22):3597-606. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(96)00092-2.
As a single aperture, approximately monofocal optical system, the human eye generally creates a single image on the retina. However, the literature contains many reports of perceptual monocular diplopia. While it is easy to understand how distortion may produce monocular diplopia, its reported high incidence in normal eyes is less easily understood. We examine a model which ascribes monocular diplopia to an interaction between defocus and ocular spherical aberration. Using a psychophysical hyperacuity-based alignment procedure we measured the transverse aberration function in 0.5 mm steps horizontally across the pupil in the eyes of three cyclopleged subjects. Ocular transverse aberration functions were derived with best refraction and with simulated myopia and hyperopia. Monocular diplopia was also measured under the same conditions. All three subjects showed significant, but different, degrees of positive spherical aberration. The measured ocular transverse aberration functions were predictably modified by the hyperopic and myopic defocus. Hyperopic defocus combined with positive (myopic) spherical aberration changes a monotonic transverse aberration function with a single inflection point into a biphasic function with two inflection points. The locations of the inflections predict the presence and magnitude of the perceived diplopia. These experimental results confirm Verhoeff's (1900) hypothesis for the ocular cause of monocular diplopia.
作为一个单孔径、近似单焦点的光学系统，人眼通常在视网膜上形成单一图像。然而，文献中有许多关于感知性单眼复视的报道。虽然很容易理解畸变如何产生单眼复视，但据报道其在正常眼睛中的高发病率却较难理解。我们研究了一个将单眼复视归因于散焦与眼球面像差相互作用的模型。使用基于心理物理学超视力的对准程序，我们在三名睫状肌麻痹受试者的眼睛中，以0.5毫米的步长水平测量了整个瞳孔的横向像差函数。通过最佳屈光状态以及模拟近视和远视状态得出眼横向像差函数。在相同条件下也测量了单眼复视。所有三名受试者都表现出显著但不同程度的正球面像差。所测量的眼横向像差函数可预测地受到远视和近视散焦的影响。远视散焦与正（近视）球面像差相结合，会将具有单个拐点的单调横向像差函数转变为具有两个拐点的双相函数。这些拐点的位置可预测感知到的复视的存在和程度。这些实验结果证实了Verhoeff（1900年）关于单眼复视眼部原因的假设。
