Kozłowska E, Krzystyniak K, Drela N, Grabarczyk P, Izdebska-Szymona K
Department of Immunology, Warsaw University, Poland.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 Dec 27;49(6):563-79.
Industrial air pollutants from Upper Silesia, Poland, contain over 250 polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, including mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals that have been shown to form DNA adducts. Over 4 million habitants of Silesia are permanently exposed to the industrial pollution by pulmonary and dermal routes and by contaminated food and water. These chemicals, when examined separately in animals models, were proven immunotoxic. We studied the extrapulmonary immunotoxic potential of a typical mixture of Silesian filter-suspended matter from a selected area, over a specific season and time period. Early changes in the immune system were analyzed in BALB/c mice exposed ip to acute doses of 20-330 mg dust mixture/kg body weight (0.06-1.0 LD50). No major changes were noted for weight and the cellularity of spleen, liver and kidneys. However, dramatic decrease in thymus weight index and thymocyte cell count were noted as early as 24-72 h postexposure, which correlated with almost complete depletion of immature, double-positive CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. Changes in spleen were less profound; however, increased depletion of B cells over T cells was noted at high doses of the suspended matter. Exposure to the airborne dust also decreased cytokine production by spleen cells, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Overall, a single exposure to Silesian dust, even at the relatively low 0.06 LD50 dose, affected lymphokine production, suppressed B-cell proliferative response, and depleted thymuses of immature, double-positive CD4+CD8+ cells. A chemical synergism is suspected. To our knowledge, none of the known components of Silesian suspended matter, when examined as a single chemical, was shown to exert such a profound biological effect.
来自波兰上西里西亚的工业空气污染物含有250多种多环和杂环芳烃以及重金属，其中包括已被证明会形成DNA加合物的诱变和致癌化学物质。西里西亚地区超过400万居民通过肺部和皮肤途径以及受污染的食物和水长期暴露于工业污染之中。这些化学物质在动物模型中单独检测时，已被证明具有免疫毒性。我们研究了在特定季节和时间段内，从选定区域采集的典型西里西亚滤过悬浮颗粒物混合物的肺外免疫毒性潜力。对腹腔注射急性剂量为20 - 330毫克粉尘混合物/千克体重（0.06 - 1.0 LD50）的BALB/c小鼠的免疫系统早期变化进行了分析。脾脏、肝脏和肾脏的重量及细胞数量未发现重大变化。然而，早在暴露后24 - 72小时就注意到胸腺重量指数和胸腺细胞计数显著下降，这与未成熟的双阳性CD4 + CD8 +胸腺细胞几乎完全耗竭相关。脾脏的变化较不明显；然而，在高剂量悬浮颗粒物作用下，B细胞比T细胞的耗竭增加。暴露于空气中的粉尘还会降低脾细胞产生细胞因子的能力，如干扰素 - γ（IFN - γ）和肿瘤坏死因子 - α（TNF - α）。总体而言，即使单次暴露于相对低剂量（0.06 LD50）的西里西亚粉尘，也会影响淋巴因子的产生，抑制B细胞增殖反应，并使胸腺中的未成熟双阳性CD4 + CD8 +细胞耗竭。怀疑存在化学协同作用。据我们所知，西里西亚悬浮颗粒物的已知成分单独检测时，均未显示出如此深远的生物学效应。
