Brouard J, Freymuth F
Service de pédiatrie A, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Caen.
Rev Prat. 1996 Nov 1;46(17):2071-6.
Acute bronchiolitis is the most common severe lower-respiratory-tract infection of infancy. Although signs and symptoms may become severe, most viral respiratory infections are self-limited and improvement occurs within a few days. Patients hospitalized with bronchiolitis usually require supportive therapy, including oxygen and fluids, and may require mechanical ventilation. A trial of aerosolized beta 2-agonist is warranted in patients with bronchiolitis. Systemic corticosteroids have not been proved efficacious. Inhaled corticosteroids may be useful in reducing the severity of chronic wheezing that may follow acute bronchiolitis. Ribavirin may be considered in patients with severe disease of those at high risk for severe disease.
急性细支气管炎是婴儿期最常见的严重下呼吸道感染。尽管体征和症状可能会很严重，但大多数病毒性呼吸道感染是自限性的，几天内就会好转。因细支气管炎住院的患者通常需要支持治疗，包括吸氧和补液，可能还需要机械通气。对细支气管炎患者进行雾化β2受体激动剂试验是有必要的。全身用糖皮质激素尚未被证明有效。吸入性糖皮质激素可能有助于减轻急性细支气管炎后可能出现的慢性喘息的严重程度。对于患有严重疾病或有严重疾病高风险的患者，可考虑使用利巴韦林。
