Cysteinyl leukotrienes do not mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs.

Inhalation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by guinea pigs caused bronchial hyperreactivity to acetylcholine with a peak at 2 hr after exposure. Exposure to 0.01% LPS for 30 min resulted in an elevation of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) which was obtained 1 hr after LPS exposure. The cys-LTs antagonist, ONO-1078 (10 mg/kg, p.o.), significantly inhibited LPS-induced bronchial hyperreactivity, but ICI-204,219 (10 mg/kg, p.o.), another cys-LT antagonist, did not. Each dose employed in the present study was sufficient to inhibit LTD4-induced broncho-constriction in guinea pigs. In order to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of ONO-1078, the effect on the LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was examined. The amount of TNF in BALF increased significantly 2 hr after exposure to LPS. The inhalation of murine recombinant TNF-alpha (5 x 10(4) u/ml) resulted in bronchial hyperreactivity in guinea pigs. ONO-1078 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the increase of LPS-induced TNF in BALF, but ICI-204,219 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) had no effect. These results suggest that TNF plays an important role in the onset of LPS-induced bronchial hyper-reactivity, and that ONO-1078 inhibits the LPS-induced airway hyperreactivity probably due to the inhibition of TNF production.