Lefton-Greif M A, Loughlin G M
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Semin Speech Lang. 1996 Nov;17(4):311-29; quiz 330. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1064106.
The evaluation and management of the pediatric patient with a feeding and swallowing disorder may require the use of specialized studies to evaluate specific aspects of swallowing function; to judge the consequences of the swallowing dysfunction; and to assess factors that may be contributing to swallowing dysfunction. Instrumental assessment of swallowing function may include upper gastrointestinal studies, videofluoroscopy or videofluoroscopic swallow studies, ultrasonography, radionuclide imaging, fiberoptic endoscopy of swallowing, and cervical auscultation. Procedures that assess the consequences and/or identify factors contributing to swallowing dysfunction may include pulse oximetry, chest x-rays, laryngoscopy and/or bronchoscopy, and pulmonary function tests. The use of such specialized procedures to evaluate children with dysphagia is the focus of this article.
对患有喂养和吞咽障碍的儿科患者进行评估和管理，可能需要采用专门的检查来评估吞咽功能的特定方面；判断吞咽功能障碍的后果；以及评估可能导致吞咽功能障碍的因素。吞咽功能的仪器评估可能包括上消化道检查、视频荧光吞咽造影或视频荧光吞咽研究、超声检查、放射性核素成像、纤维光学吞咽内镜检查和颈部听诊。评估吞咽功能障碍后果和/或识别导致吞咽功能障碍因素的程序可能包括脉搏血氧饱和度测定、胸部X光、喉镜检查和/或支气管镜检查以及肺功能测试。使用此类专门程序评估吞咽困难儿童是本文的重点。
