Jäger L, Wenz W
Allerg Immunol (Leipz). 1979;25(1):10-24.
Since the introduction of the hyposensitization treatment by Noon and Freeman in 1911, an essential change of the hyposensibilisation technique, despite numerous recently published results, has not been able to be demonstrated up to now. In most cases, treatment is still done with and allergen mixture consisting of a variety of unknown compounds with changing composition according to own experiences concerning initial and final dosis of the allergen or the application intervals. The linkage of the allergens to chemical substances, the modification into so-called allergoids as well as the investigation of the hyposensitisation success, such as determination of blocking antibodies, the course of the titre of specific antibodies by the RAST technique, the histamin liberation from leucocytes of allergic persons after antigen contact and the lymphocyte stimulation by allergens are starting points for developing a scientific base to the hyposensitisation treatment and for introducing new results mainly from experiments on animals into the clinical practice. Standardisation of allergens, optimisation of the dosis and the application intervals as well as the further decrease of the allergenicity and the optimal choice of the adjuvants have to be regarded as the problems to be solved in the next future. On the other hand, the use of allergen determinants linked to non-immune carriers or the induction of a tolerance by another way seem to be not yet a subject with clinical relevance during the next years.
自1911年Noon和Freeman引入减敏治疗以来，尽管最近发表了大量研究结果，但减敏技术至今尚未出现实质性变革。在大多数情况下，治疗仍采用过敏原混合物，其由多种成分不明的化合物组成，具体成分会根据个人在过敏原初始和最终剂量或应用间隔方面的经验而变化。将过敏原与化学物质连接、转化为所谓的变应原类毒素，以及研究减敏效果，如检测封闭抗体、通过RAST技术测定特异性抗体滴度变化、抗原接触后过敏患者白细胞组胺释放情况以及过敏原对淋巴细胞的刺激作用等，都是为减敏治疗建立科学基础以及将主要来自动物实验的新成果引入临床实践的切入点。过敏原标准化、剂量和应用间隔的优化，以及进一步降低过敏原性和最佳佐剂的选择，都被视为未来需要解决的问题。另一方面，在未来几年内，使用与非免疫载体连接的过敏原决定簇或以其他方式诱导耐受性似乎仍与临床应用无关。
