Swagerty D L
Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA.
Kans Med. 1995 Winter;96(4):182-4.
Several factors place older patients at risk for malnutrition, including physiologic effects of aging, chronic medical disease, psychiatric disease, various psychosocial problems, and effects of medication. Many of these factors are reversible but require early recognition and assessment. Cholesterol and albumin measurements may help confirm a diagnosis of malnutrition, but the most important indicator is weight loss. The primary interventions for nutritional compromise are increasing caloric, protein, and fluid intakes. Nutritional supplements may need to be prescribed for repletion and maintenance. Other nutrition-promoting interventions include exercise, avoiding constipation, and dental care.
有几个因素使老年患者面临营养不良的风险，包括衰老的生理影响、慢性内科疾病、精神疾病、各种社会心理问题以及药物的影响。这些因素中的许多是可逆的，但需要早期识别和评估。胆固醇和白蛋白测量可能有助于确诊营养不良，但最重要的指标是体重减轻。营养受损的主要干预措施是增加热量、蛋白质和液体摄入量。可能需要开营养补充剂以进行补充和维持。其他促进营养的干预措施包括运动、避免便秘和牙齿护理。
