Rodríguez-Arias M, Aguilar M A, Espert R, Miñarro J
Area de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, España.
Rev Neurol. 1996 Oct;24(134):1210-20.
Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric illness which is responsible for a substantial proportion of mental illness worldwide. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders (related with deficits of attention, memory and executive functions) and negative symptoms like poverty of thought and emotion, and social withdrawal. For most of this century the causes of schizophrenia have been largely unknown. However, the application of new techniques in genetics, structural and functional neuroimaging, psychopharmacology, epidemiology and neurochemical are beginning to disclose the aetiology of the disorder. Recent neurochemical data show that dysfunction of central dopamine systems may mediate symptoms in schizophrenia. Traditional antipsychotics are antagonists of dopamine D2-receptors, but some of the new atypical antipsychotics appear to have different action and drugs that interact with newly discovered dopamine and neuropeptides receptor subtypes of dopamine and neuropeptides are under investigation. In this sense, we review recent findings about interactions between opioid and dopaminergic systems with a special attention directed to cortical-striate-thalamic loops that could give new data about the aetiology and treatment of this serious mental illness. Finally, cognitive and attentional deficits in animal models of schizophrenia are reviewed.
精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病，在全球范围内的精神疾病中占相当大的比例。症状包括幻觉、妄想、思维紊乱（与注意力、记忆力和执行功能缺陷有关）以及阴性症状，如思维和情感贫乏、社交退缩。在本世纪的大部分时间里，精神分裂症的病因在很大程度上一直不明。然而，遗传学、结构和功能神经影像学、精神药理学、流行病学和神经化学等新技术的应用正开始揭示该疾病的病因。最近的神经化学数据表明，中枢多巴胺系统功能障碍可能介导精神分裂症的症状。传统抗精神病药物是多巴胺D2受体拮抗剂，但一些新型非典型抗精神病药物似乎有不同的作用，与新发现的多巴胺和神经肽受体亚型相互作用的药物正在研究中。从这个意义上说，我们回顾了关于阿片类和多巴胺能系统之间相互作用的最新研究结果，特别关注皮质-纹状体-丘脑环路，这可能为这种严重精神疾病的病因和治疗提供新的数据。最后，对精神分裂症动物模型中的认知和注意力缺陷进行了综述。
