Isakov E, Burger H, Krajnik J, Gregoric M, Marincek C
Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Department, Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, Ra'anana, Israel.
Prosthet Orthot Int. 1996 Dec;20(3):153-8. doi: 10.3109/03093649609164437.
Normal gait is characterised by a high level of inter-leg symmetry of gait parameters. Therefore, efforts in rehabilitation of amputees are directed at the construction of a prosthesis which provides normal leg function and allows a more symmetrical gait. Analysis of the gait of trans-tibial amputees was performed when they were ambulating at their own freely selected speed and at a faster speed. The effect of speed on selected gait parameters in each leg was evaluated and the influence on symmetry established by comparing the inter-leg changes for each of the selected parameters. The faster gait trail affected significantly all temporal and distance parameters in both legs but not the level of symmetry between legs. At the faster speed, the hip angles at heel-strike and during swing and the knee angle during load response, in the normal leg, and the knee angle during swing in the amputated leg, all increased significantly. Speed of gait significantly affected symmetry between knee angles as reflected by the increased differences measured during load response (from 2.62 +/- 5.2 to 7.06 +/- 4.2 degrees) and during toe-off (from 1.80 +/- 7.4 to 9.50 +/- 9.1 degrees). Timing and sequence of selected gait events, as related to stride time, were not significantly affected by speed of gait. These results might contribute to a better understanding of gait characteristics in trans-tibial amputees and provide design guidance for prosthetic components.
正常步态的特点是步态参数在双腿之间具有高度对称性。因此，截肢者康复工作的重点是构建一种假肢，使其具备正常的腿部功能并能实现更对称的步态。对经胫截肢者在以自己自由选择的速度和更快速度行走时的步态进行了分析。评估了速度对每条腿所选步态参数的影响，并通过比较所选每个参数的双腿间变化来确定对对称性的影响。更快的步态测试显著影响了双腿的所有时间和距离参数，但未影响双腿之间的对称程度。在更快的速度下，正常腿在足跟触地和摆动期间的髋关节角度以及负重反应期间的膝关节角度，以及截肢腿在摆动期间的膝关节角度，均显著增加。步态速度显著影响了膝关节角度之间的对称性，这在负重反应期间（从2.62±5.2度增加到7.06±4.2度）和足趾离地期间（从1.80±7.4度增加到9.50±9.1度）测量到的差异增大中得到体现。与步幅时间相关的所选步态事件的时间和顺序，并未受到步态速度的显著影响。这些结果可能有助于更好地理解经胫截肢者的步态特征，并为假肢部件的设计提供指导。
